Abstract: This paper proposes a PID controller optimized by the HO algorithm for stabilizing the cart displacement and pendulum angle of a first-stage linear inverted pendulum. The controller combines ...

Abstract: This work presents a simulation-based study of a multi-axis PID control system designed to stabilize a hexadrone. The control architecture uses separate PID controllers for pitch, roll, yaw, ...

The ice in a domestic freezer is remarkably different from the single crystals that form in snow clouds, or even those formed on a frozen pond. As temperatures drop, ice crystals can grow in a variety ...